A method and a device for performing a random access in a wireless communication system are provided. Specifically, a wireless resource for transmitting a first random access request is selected, and the first random access request is transmitted through the wireless resource. The first random access request includes a transmission period of the first random access request, the frequency of retransmission, and an allowable error of the transmission period. Uplink resource allocation information is received in response to the first random access request. The uplink resource allocation information includes information on an indicator bit and a wireless resource shift. When the indicator bit is a preset value, a second random access request is transmitted through a wireless resource shifted from the wireless resource.