An endoscope system includes a convex-portion specifying section that detects a convex portion in a picked-up image of a subject picked up by an image pickup section, and a convex-portion-size calculating section that detects a convex portion in a predetermined size range on the basis of information concerning the convex portion. An illumination section includes a plurality of illumination-light emitting sections that illuminate the subject with lights in bands different from one another from directions different from one another. The plurality of illumination-light emitting sections are provided on a distal end side inner circumferential surface of a cylindrical cap attached to the distal end of an insertion section of an endoscope to specify an image pickup range of the image pickup section.