The present invention provides a hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement transmission method, a user equipment, and a base station. The transmission method includes: receiving, by a user equipment, on a first serving cell and in a downlink subframe n−k, PDSCH transmission or a downlink control channel that indicates downlink SPS release, where a duplex mode of the first serving cell is FDD, or all subframes on the first serving cell are downlink subframes, or one radio frame on the first serving cell includes nine downlink subframes and one special subframe; and transmitting, in an uplink subframe n, an HARQ-ACK response corresponding to the first serving cell and the downlink subframe n−k; where n is an integer, k is a positive integer, k belongs to a set K, and the set K is determined according to first HARQ-ACK timing.