Provided is a dual-energy ray scanning system, which includes a ray source for alternately emitting a high energy ray and a low energy ray; a filter includes a low energy filtering element and a low energy transmitting element; a control device for synchronously controlling the ray source and the filter, and the low energy filtering element includes a plurality of filter sheets, the low energy transmitting element comprises a plurality of transmission sheets, the filter sheets and the transmission sheets are arranged alternately and surround the ray source to form a cavity, and the ray source is located on a central axis of the cavity.