Embodiments of the present invention disclose a triboelectrification device and a display device. The triboelectrification device includes at least one layered electricity generating assembly that is stacked, the at least one layered electricity generating assembly each comprising an electrode layer, an insulating layer, a metal layer and an elastomer; the electrode layer, the insulating layer, and the metal layer are arranged in sequence from above downwards, the elastomer is disposed between the electrode layer and the metal layer and is located at at least one side of the insulating layer. The electrode layer and the insulating layer are brought into contact with each other to be rubbed against each other by applying a pressure to the electrode layer, and the electrode layer and the insulating layer can be separated from each other by springing back of the elastomer, such that the electrode layer and the insulating layer are repeatedly brought into contact with each other to be rubbed against each other time after time, thereby continually generating positive and negative charges on the metal layer and the electrode layer respectively and thus achieving usage of electric energy into which energy generated by friction is converted.