A lettuce cultivar, designated M8509, is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds, plants and plant parts of lettuce cultivar M8509 and to methods for producing a lettuce plant by crossing the cultivar M8509 with itself or another lettuce cultivar. The invention further relates to methods for producing a lettuce plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic lettuce plants and plant parts produced by those methods. This invention also relates to lettuce cultivars or breeding cultivars and plant parts derived from lettuce cultivar M8509, to methods for producing other lettuce cultivars, lines or plant parts derived from lettuce cultivar M8509 and to the lettuce plants, varieties, and their parts derived from the use of those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid lettuce seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing cultivar M8509 with another lettuce cultivar.