Disclosed are a protocol stack adaptation method and apparatus, where a network transmission optimization technology can be deployed in a wireless network, thereby optimizing a wireless transmission network. The method includes acquiring a first wireless transmission protocol packet, and detecting, by using a first preset detection rule, whether the first wireless transmission protocol packet carries user data. If the first wireless transmission protocol packet carries user data, the method includes adapting the first wireless transmission protocol packet to a corresponding first standard Internet Protocol (IP) data packet; sending the first standard IP data packet to a network transmission optimization (NTO) device; receiving a second standard IP data packet sent by the NTO device; and, adapting the second standard IP data packet to a corresponding second wireless transmission protocol packet.