This closure relates to narrowband communication supporting an Internet of Things (IoT) service in a next-generation wireless communication system and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving narrowband synchronization signals. A base station repeats a Zadoff-Chu sequence on each of multiple OFDM symbols; multiplies each component of a cover sequence, having a length corresponding to a number of the multiple OFDM symbols, to all the components of the Zadoff-Chu sequence on each of the multiple OFDM symbols. Then, the base station transmits the NB PSS by using the Zadoff-Chu sequence multiplied by the cover sequence to the one or more UEs.