Video data encoding and decoding methods and apparatuses which include determining a to-be-encoded information group in a to-be-encoded video sequence, generating a primary information group corresponding to the to-be-encoded information group, wherein the primary information group comprises a first data information, indication information that indicates whether the to-be-encoded information group is the primary information group or a redundant information group, and location information of the primary information group, generating the redundant information group corresponding to the to-be-encoded information group, wherein the redundant information group comprises a second data information, location information of the redundant information group, indication information that indicates whether the to-be-encoded information group is the primary information group or the redundant information group, and location relationship information of the redundant information group and the primary information group, and encoding the primary information group and the redundant information group into a bitstream.