The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). Embodiments of the present invention are to provide a method and apparatus for performing uplink synchronization in a wireless communication system. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of operating a terminal in a wireless communication system includes the processes of: receiving an adjustment message including a first timing advance (TA) value from a first base station; and transmitting an uplink signal to a second base station based on a second TA value for the second base station that is determined based on the first TA value. According to an embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to decrease the overhead of an uplink resource by adjusting an uplink signal time transmitted to other base stations or other cells by using information for uplink synchronization in a base station or cell in a wireless communication system.