A method for aperiodic channel state reporting for one or more cell groups in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is performed by a terminal, may comprise the steps of: receiving an aperiodic channel state information (CSI) reporting request for each cell group from a base station; and calculating aperiodic CSI for a CSI measurement target indicated by the aperiodic CSI reporting request and transmitting the aperiodic CSI to the base station, wherein the CSI measurement target is configured differently according to whether the number of the cell groups is one or more than one.