The present disclosure relates to a 5G communication system or a pre-5G communication system for supporting higher data transmission rate compared to beyond 4G communication system such as LTE. A terminal, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, comprises: a reception unit for receiving pilot signals; a processor for measuring reception strength of the pilot signals, determining beam-based random access participation on the basis of the measured reception strength, and controlling for an attempt for a beam-based random access if a random access is beam-based random access participation and an attempt for normal random access if not; and a transmission unit for transmitting a random access signal on the basis of the random access attempt.