The present disclosure relates to a communication method and system for converging a 5th-Generation (5G) communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4th-Generation (4G) system with a technology for Internet of Things (IoT). The present disclosure may be applied to intelligent services based on 5G communication technology and IoT-related technology, such as smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, smart retail, security and safety services. A handover method of a terminal in a mobile communication system according to the present disclosure includes transmitting UE capability information including a random access-free handover indicator to a first base station, receiving a handover command message from the first base station, and transmitting, when the handover command message includes uplink resource information, a handover complete message to a second base station based on the uplink resource information.