The present disclosure relates to an optical access device and an optical access system. The system includes a switching unit, at least two optical access devices, a network integrated processor, and a controller. The optical access device decapsulates an upstream data frame to obtain a payload, encapsulates the payload into a first upstream Ethernet frame, and then sends the first upstream Ethernet frame to the switching unit. The switching unit, which may comprise at least one switch, is configured to send the first upstream Ethernet frame to the network integrated processor, or send the first upstream Ethernet frame to the controller, and receive and send a second upstream Ethernet frame. The network integrated processor processes the first upstream Ethernet frame according to a received protocol parse instruction to obtain the second upstream Ethernet frame, and sends the second upstream Ethernet frame to the switching unit.