A sewage treatment system includes a main box and a can-type filter arranged on a side of the main box. A power source, a controller, a data memory, a temperature and humidity sensor, a wireless communication transmission unit, a BLUETOOTH transmission unit and an alertor are arranged inside the main box. The data memory, the temperature and humidity sensor, the wireless communication transmission unit, the BLUETOOTH transmission unit, and the alertor are electrically connected with the controller. The main box is externally connected with a conveying pipeline to convey the sewage into an interior of the main box. A primary filter, a secondary filter and a tertiary filter are sequentially arranged in an interior of the main box from top to bottom.