A 3D time series vector sediment trap includes a base disposed with trap pipes which includes water flow pipes and sedimentation pipes. The water flow pipes have a horizontal water inlet at the front end, a vertical downward water outlet at the back end and the water flow pipe is internally provided with a filter screen which tilts towards the water inlet. The filter screen is internally tangential to the water flow pipe, and the sedimentation pipes are vertically fixed underneath the water flow pipes. The top end of the sedimentation pipes have an opening and bottom end thereof is closed. The opening is connected to the water flow pipe and directly faces the filter screen so that materials with a diameter greater than the screen pore diameter are intercepted by the filter screen in the water flow pipe and collected in the sedimentation pipe.