Disclosed are: a communication technique for fusing, with IoT technology, a 5G communication system for supporting a data transmission rate higher than that of a 4G communication system; and a system therefor. The communication technique can be applied, on the basis of 5G communication technology and IoT-related technology, to intelligent services (for example, smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car or connected car, health care, digital education, retail, security and safety-related services, and the like). A method for estimating a channel in a communication system, according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises the steps of: confirming a code and antenna distinguishing scheme used in channel estimation; generating a channel estimation code on the basis of the confirmed code and antenna distinguishing scheme; and transmitting the generated channel estimation code through a plurality of transmission antennas.