The present disclosure relates to a 5th Generation (5G) or pre-5G system to be provided to support a higher data transfer rate after a 4G communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). The present invention is for performing random access in a wireless communication system, and a base station includes a communication unit for transmitting system information including a plurality of thresholds, and a control unit for determining a random access result for each mode on the basis of a detection result on a preamble transmitted from at least one terminal.