Disclosed is a method for performing a random access in a wireless communication, including identifying a channel condition and a size of a message that a user equipment will transmit after a transmission of a preamble, selecting a first preamble set from at least two preamble sets if the channel condition is greater than a first threshold and the size of the message is greater than a second threshold, selecting a preamble from the selected first preamble set if the first preamble set is selected, transmitting, to a base station, the selected preamble, receiving, from the base station, a random access response message including resource allocation information in response to the transmission of the selected preamble, and transmitting, to the base station, the message based on the resource allocation information.