A processing device generates a visual overlay comprising a virtual model of a dental arch that represents a treatment outcome for the dental arch. The processing device outputs the visual overlay to an augmented reality (AR) display or virtual reality (VR) display. The processing device receives user input based on a user interaction with the virtual model of the dental arch, wherein the user input modifies the virtual model of the dental arch and determines an update to the treatment outcome for the dental arch based on a user input. The processing device generates an updated treatment plan based on the update to the treatment outcome and updates the visual overlay, wherein the updated visual overlay comprises a view of the dental arch after the updated treatment outcome.