The present invention discloses a communication method that is based on a visible light source and a transport device. In the solution, before a visible light signal is generated, related information carried in the visible light signal is processed by using orthogonal sequences, and different visible light signals processed by using the orthogonal sequences do not interfere with each other. In this way, even if an optical receiving device receives multiple visible light signals, because the received multiple visible light signals are orthogonal to each other, the visible light signals can be accurately received.