A 5th Generation (5G) or pre-5G communication system for supporting a higher data rate than a 4G communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) is provided. A method of a terminal for operating a random access in a wireless communication system may include transmitting, to a base station, a first message comprising a random access preamble, and receiving a plurality of second messages transmitted from the base station in response to the first message. A method of a base station for operating a random access in a wireless communication system may include receiving, from a terminal, a first message comprising a random access preamble, and transmitting, to the terminal, a plurality of second messages in response to the first message.