A filtering-based signal transmission method is provided. The method includes a transmitter performing carrier modulation on each signal from at least one sub-band, and adding a cyclic prefix and a cyclic postfix thereto, respectively, performing time-domain filtering on the signal, added with the cyclic prefix and the cyclic postfix, from the respective sub-band, and transmitting the filtered signal from the at least one sub-band. The present disclosure further provides a filtering-based signal receiving method. The filtering-based signal receiving method includes performing, by a receiver, time-domain matched filtering, corresponding to at least one sub-band, on each received signal, removing, by the receiver, a cyclic prefix and a cyclic postfix from the filtered signal from the at least one sub-band, and performing carrier demodulation, respectively, and detecting and estimating, by the receiver, the demodulated signal from the at least one sub-band.