A method for locating electrostatic discharges occurring on an aircraft in flight including a step of recording, during the flight of the aircraft, electromagnetic signals resulting in the electrostatic discharges and received by a plurality of detectors arranged at different places on an exterior surface of the aircraft, a step of analyzing the signals recorded during the flight, each of the signals, received by the various detectors and corresponding to one and the same electrostatic discharge, are processed to identify at least one zone of an exterior surface of the aircraft, determining a structural part in which the electrostatic discharge probably occurred.