Provided are a printing result inspection apparatus, a method, and a program capable of determining a printing defect caused by a printing step and a printing paper defect caused by printing paper by reading the printing paper once. A defect determination unit determines whether defected regions extracted from a non-image region are the printing defect or the printing paper defect based on a density change amount and a color, and an image feature amount of a defected region determined as the printing paper defect in the non-image region is stored in paper defect information and is accumulated in a paper defect information storage unit. Next, the defect determination unit determines whether defected regions extracted from image regions are the printing defect or the printing paper defect based on the paper defect information.