A robotic system includes: a control unit configured to: receive an object set including one or more object entries, wherein: the object entries correspond to source objects of an object source, each of the object entries are described by one or more object entry properties; receive sensor information representing one or more detectable object properties for detectable source objects of an object source; calculate an object match probability between the detectable source objects and the object entries based on a property correlation between the detectable object properties of the detectable source objects and the object entry properties of the object entries; generate an object identity approximation for each of the detectable source objects based on a comparison between the object match probability for each of the detectable source objects corresponding to a particular instance of the object entries; select a target object from the detectable source objects; generate an object handling strategy, for implementation by an object handling unit, to transfer the target object from the object source based on the object entry properties of the object entries corresponding to the object identity approximation; update the object set to indicate that the target object corresponding to a specific instance of the object entries has been removed from the object source; and a storage unit 204, coupled to the control unit, configured to store the object set.