An apparatus for measuring a biological component includes: light sources configured to emit light that irradiates a target object; one or more detectors configured to receive light from the target object that is irradiated by the light emitted by the light sources and to detect light signals corresponding to the light received from the target object; and a processor configured to determine an optimal light source for measuring a biological component, from among the light sources, based on the light signals detected by the one or more detectors and to measure a biological component of the target object using the optimal light source.