A surface texture identification display device and a surface texture identification method are provided. The surface texture identification method has a first surface for being contacted with a textured surface. The surface texture identification display device includes: an opaque backplane; a plurality of electroluminescent pixel units, located between the opaque backplane and the first surface and arranged in a plurality of rows extending in a first direction and a plurality of columns extending in a second direction; an image sensor located on a side of the opaque backplane away from the first surface; and a plurality of imaging pinholes, passing through the opaque backplane and configured to image the textured surface onto the image sensor. In a plan view of the surface texture identification display device, the plurality of pixel units and the plurality of imaging pinholes are located within an effective display region.