An aqueous polyhydroxyurethane resin dispersion, which can be stored for a long time, and with which a coating film having a high gas-barrier property can be formed; an aqueous dispersion composition containing a complex of the resin and a clay mineral; and a film having a high gas-barrier property produced using the aqueous polyhydroxyurethane resin dispersion or the aqueous dispersion composition are provided. The aqueous polyhydroxyurethane resin dispersion comprises a polyhydroxyurethane resin finely dispersed in water, where the polyhydroxyurethane resin has in its structure, a repeating unit represented by formula (1) as a basic structure and a carboxyl group-containing chemical structure moiety represented by formula (6), described in this specification. The aqueous dispersion composition comprising the polyhydroxyurethane resin and a layered clay mineral form composite. The film having a high gas-barrier is produced using the aqueous dispersion or the aqueous dispersion composition.