An optical fiber protection structure has a fiber accommodation portion having a fiber accommodation groove formed therein for accommodating at least a portion of optical fibers and first resins filled in the fiber accommodation groove. The first resins are to fix a portion of the optical fibers within the fiber accommodation groove. The optical fiber protection structure has a cover member disposed above the fiber accommodation portion so as to cover the fiber accommodation groove, second resins for allowing the first resins to expand toward the cover member to reduce a stress applied to the optical fibers, and a third resin for fixing the cover member onto the fiber accommodation portion. The second resins have a Young's modulus lower than those of the first resins.