A user authentication method using a fingerprint image, the user authentication method includes receiving at least a portion of a fingerprint image of a user; actuating a processor to divide the fingerprint image into a plurality of first sub-blocks; generate a set of input codes by encoding the first sub-blocks based on a coded model; measure a similarity between the set of the input codes and a set of registered codes included in a pre-registered binary codebook; and authenticate the user based on the similarity.