According to one embodiment, a method by which a terminal transmits a signal in a wireless communication system on the basis of a contention-based non-orthogonal NOMA scheme can be provided, wherein the method for transmitting the signal can comprise the steps of: allocating a resource pool to which a signal is to be transmitted on the basis of the contention-based NOMA scheme; and transmitting data and a UE ID through the resource pool on the basis of the contention-based NOMA scheme, wherein a plurality of UE ID regions exist in the resource pool, and the UE ID can be allocated to a first region, which is one of the plurality of UE ID regions, and then transmitted.