The instant disclosure provides for medical imaging systems that may be used in conjunction with an intraoperative medical device, such as an endoscope. Generally, the disclosed medical imaging systems include an illumination source configured to generate illuminating photons for illuminating a biological sample. An optical signal modulator is configured to separate one or more of the illuminating photons and photons that have interacted with the biological sample into a first optical signal having first multi-passband wavelengths and a second optical signal having second multi-passband wavelengths. At least one detector is configured to detect one or more of the first optical signal and the second optical signal and generate at least one image data set. A processor is configured to analyze the at least one image data set. In some embodiments, the processor is configured to differentiate between structures of the biological sample, such as between an ureter and surrounding tissue.