A polarization plenoptic camera that can acquire the polarization information of reflected light from an object in a single shot; i.e., in real time, to avoid issues such as motion blur and also avoid the additional system complexity that derives from mechanical scanning of a polarizer. The camera includes a polarization-sensitive focal plane array, a first microlens array having a pitch that is equal to a pitch of the pixel array; and either a second microlens array having a pitch that is greater than the pitch of the pixel array, a coded aperture mask, or a second microlens array and a coded aperture mask. A method for obtaining a plenoptic image of an object scene is disclosed.