A method and apparatus for voice transmission and reception by a browser and a voice intercom system are provided. The method for voice transmission by a browser includes: collecting first voice data through a built-in audio collection interface of the browser (S101); obtaining a first voice sampling parameter that can be utilized by a target device (S102) to process voice data; sampling the first voice data based on the first voice sampling parameter to obtain target voice data (S103); and transmitting the target voice data to the target device (S104). The method enables a browser to have a function of voice intercom without using a plug-in.