An encoder and/or a computer implemented encoding method includes a texture module configured to determine texture data associated with texture of an image, a noise module configured to determine noise data based on the texture data, a synthesis module configured to generate spatial spectral characteristics of the noise, and combine at least one of the noise data, the texture data, and the spatial spectral characteristics of the noise based on at least one border between adjacent textures, and an encoding module configured to compress the image using an image compression codec.