A translation lookaside buffer (TLB) management method and a multi-core processor are provided. The method includes: receiving, by a first core, a first address translation request; querying a TLB of the first core based on the first address translation request; determining that a first target TLB entry corresponding to the first address translation request is missing in the TLB of the first core, obtaining the first target TLB entry; determining that entry storage in the TLB of the first core is full; determining a second core from cores in an idle state in the multi-core processor; replacing a first entry in the TLB of the first core with the first target TLB entry; storing the first entry in a TLB of the second core. Accordingly, a TLB miss rate is reduced and program execution is accelerated.