Methods, systems, and computer-readable media for cloud-based access to quantum computing resources are disclosed. A classical computing instance is launched based at least in part on a request. The computing instance is launched by a control plane of a provider network. A quantum computing resource is accessible to the computing instance and is selected based at least in part on input from a user associated with the request. The quantum computing resource is implemented in the provider network and comprises a plurality of quantum bits. A quantum algorithm is run on the quantum computing resource.