It is enabled to more appropriately prevent thermal damage to an area irradiated with illumination light.An image acquisition system is provided including: a first light source unit that emits narrow band light having a peak intensity in a specific band; a second light source unit that emits wide band light having a band wider than the specific band; a generation unit that generates multiplexed light by using the narrow band light and the wide band light; an imaging unit that images an irradiation target of the multiplexed light; a prediction unit that performs prediction of a temperature of an area irradiated with the multiplexed light in the irradiation target; and a control unit that performs control of outputs of the narrow band light and the wide band light on the basis of the prediction.