A method can include determining, based on learned parameter values, an intrinsic interest and an affinity for the user to be influenced to visit the website, determining, using the learned parameter values, intrinsic interest, and affinity for the user to be influenced to visit the website, a first probability indicating a likelihood that the user will, in response to viewing a badge notification, turn off notifications or delete an app and a second probability indicating a likelihood that the user will, in response to viewing the badge notification on the app, visit a website, in response to determining the second probability is greater than a threshold larger than the first probability, causing the app to include the badge notification when displayed on the user device.