Various embodiments of the present invention relate to an electronic device and an operation control method of the electronic device, and the electronic device comprises an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel including a plurality of sub pixels, a memory, and a processor, wherein the processor can be configured so as to confirm accumulated image data for each sub pixel of the display panel while a plurality of frames are displayed on the panel, generate a compensation image for compensating for a residual image generated on the display panel on the basis of the accumulated image data of each sub pixel when an event for residual image compensation occurs, and display the generated compensation image on the display panel.