The present invention discloses an uplink transmission method, a base station, and a terminal device, to implement uplink multiuser scheduling and multiuser resource multiplexing, and save resources. The method in embodiments of the present invention includes: obtaining, by a base station, first configuration information and instruction information, where the first configuration information is channel contention configuration information before uplink data is sent, the instruction information is information that instructs a terminal device to send a channel occupancy indication signal, and the channel occupancy indication signal is used to indicate that a current channel belongs to a radio access technology user; and sending, by the base station, the first configuration information and the instruction information to the terminal device, so that the terminal device sends the channel occupancy indication signal based on the first configuration information and the instruction information.