A path loss determining method and apparatus are provided to satisfy a path loss measurement requirement when there are different transmit powers. The method includes: measuring receive power of a signal sent by a network device; determining transmit power of the signal based on pre-configuration information, where the pre-configuration information is used to indicate correspondences between a plurality of signals and transmit powers, transmit powers of some or all of the plurality of signals are different, and the signal is one of the plurality of signals; and determining a path loss based on the receive power of the signal and the transmit power of the signal.