A signal transmission method and apparatus are provided. The method includes: obtaining, by a transmitter, a to-be-sent data block; inserting one or more pilot blocks among a plurality of pieces of data of the to-be-sent data block based on an agreed position; and sending, by the transmitter, the to-be-sent data block into which the one or more pilot blocks are inserted. Inserting the one or more pilot blocks among the plurality of pieces of data of the to-be-sent data block can improve a phase noise compensation effect for a receiver without increasing pilot overheads.