Methods, systems, and media for processing queries relating to presented media content are provided. In some implementations, a method comprises: receiving a request to associate with a media playback device that is presenting media content to a user of the mobile device, wherein a mobile application executing on the mobile device and a media application executing on the media playback device exchange media playback information; activating a microphone associated with the mobile device to receive ambient sounds in response to associating with the media playback device; converting the received ambient sounds to one or more text inputs; determining whether the text inputs include a trigger term that corresponds to a request to initiate a query relating to the presented media content and the query; in response to determining that the trigger term has been included in the text inputs, determining the media playback information from the media application that includes timing information corresponding to when during the presentation of the media content the query was received and media content identification information; causing a search to be performed that includes the query, the timing information, and the media content identification information; obtaining a search result that is responsive to the query; and presenting at least a portion of the search result to the query on a mobile display associated with the mobile device.