Disclosed is a method for authenticating a user by using an electronic apparatus including an authentication module and a secure module, which includes the following steps: the authentication module transmits a recognition result to the secure module according to a process that allows the authentication module to be authenticated by the secure module; the secure module generates an authentication token by signing, with a private key stored in the secure module, data including data representing at least one feature of the authentication module; and transmitting the generated authentication token. Also disclosed is an associated secure module, electronic apparatus and system.