An example device for decoding video data includes a memory configured to store video data; and a processor implemented in circuitry and configured to decode a truncated unary codeword representing a multiple transform (MT) scheme for a current block of the video data to determine the MT scheme; apply the MT scheme to transform coefficients of the current block to produce residual data for the current block of video data; and decode the current block using the residual data. The MT scheme may include a plurality of transforms, such as a horizontal transform and a vertical transform, a primary transform and a second transform, or any combination of separable and/or non-separable transforms. Thus, a single truncated unary codeword may represent the entire MT scheme, that is, each of a plurality of transforms of the MT scheme.