Provided is an article sorting system having a security inspection function which relates to intelligent logistics. The system includes: a security inspection machine including a detector, a security inspection driving device and a security inspection channel; and a mobile transport device matched with the security inspection channel in space, which is configured to move a received article to be sorted by using the security inspection driving device so that the article to be sorted passes through the security inspection channel and accepts a security detection performed by the detector in the security inspection channel. Alternatively, the system includes: a security inspection machine including a detector and a security inspection channel; and a mobile transport device matched with the security inspection channel in space, which is configured to move the received article to be sorted so that the article to be sorted passes through the security inspection channel and accepts the security detection performed by the detector in the security inspection channel.