The present invention relates to a refrigerator controlling freshness on the basis of context awareness and artificial intelligence, a server, a portable device, and a method for controlling freshness. The refrigerator controlling freshness on the basis of context awareness, according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises: one or more partitioned storage spaces; one or more freshness sensors for sensing the freshness in an outside area or the storage spaces; a communication unit for receiving operation instruction information from the server or the portable device, and transmitting, to the server or the portable device, freshness condition information generated by the freshness sensors; and a control unit for controlling the freshness sensors and the communication unit, and performing a freshness control operation according to operation instruction information instructing an operation that differs from pre-set operating condition information that is set for any one or more of the storage spaces.