A direct current smelting electric furnace includes a rectifying control circuit, a rectifying power supply device, a short network device, a multi-load layout device including multiple electrodes, and an electric furnace body. The rectifying power supply device includes at least two double-circuit direct current power supply packs. Four output terminals of each double-circuit direct current power supply pack are connected to three electrodes in the multi-load layout device by the short network device to constitute two current circuits by an electric furnace weld pool load. Each electrode in the multi-load layout device is connected to homo-polar output terminals of a three-phase negative semi-cycle rectifying output circuit and a three-phase positive semi-cycle rectifying output circuit, separately. The rectifying power supply device-includes multiple output current circuits. The number of output current circuits of the rectifying power supply device is the same as the number of electrodes in the multi-load layout device.